FREESCO v0.4.0 COMMANDS

Command:

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Script

Usage:

= [$?/1/0] ["text-success"] ["text-failure"]

Purpose:

This command is used to print "Done" or "XXXX" inside of startup scripts.

When used in the above usage example a successful exit will print the first text and a failure will print the second text.

Option(s):

$?	Returns the exit code of the preceding process.
0	Always print a green Done (default).
1	Always show a failure.

Command:

Location:

/bin

Type:

Script

Usage:

a: [/dev/fdN] [/dev/fdNu1680]

Purpose:

Mounts or UnMounts a floppy disk.

Option(s):

N	Actual number of the device. For standard floppies on fd0, no other arguments are needed and the floppy will always be mounted to /mnt/fd.

Command:

agetty

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

agetty [-hiLmw] [-l login_program] [-t timeout] [-I initstring] baud_rate,... line [termtype]
or
agetty [-hiLmw] [-l login_program] [-t timeout] [-I initstring] line baud_rate,... [termtype]

Purpose:

The Linux version of getty. Set terminal type, modes, speed, and line discipline. agetty is invoked by init, which ultimately connects a user with the Linux system.

Option(s):

-h	Specify hardware, not software, flow control.
-i	Suppress printing of /etc/issue before printing the login prompt.
-I STRING	Specify STRING to be sent to the tty or modem.
-L	Do not require carrier detect; operate locally only. Use this when connecting terminals.
-l PROGRAM	Specify the use of PROGRAM instead of /bin/login.
-m	Attempt to guess the appropriate baud rate.
-t TIME	Specify that agetty should exit if there is no response to the login prompt in TIME seconds.
-w	Wait for carriage return or linefeed before sending login prompt. Use when sending an initialization string.
baud_rate	A comma-separated list of rates through which agetty will step.

Command:

arpf

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

arpf [-i IF] [-s]

Purpose:

This will display the IP and MAC addresses of all clients currently connected to the specified network interface.

Option(s):

-i IF	Query network interface IF (Default is eth0).
-s	Short output format.

Command:	arpmon
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	This script is used by the system to monitor the network to see what machines are currently online. Machines that are online then have their MAC addresses written to a special file the rest of the system can use to control other security and access options.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	authorized_key
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	authorized_key <users_home_directory>
Purpose:	The authorized_keys file allows users to login using SSH and not have to use a password.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	backup
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	backup
Purpose:	This command will copy the primary configuration files from FREESCO running on a hard drive install or on a read-only-once floppy install to a default pre-made FREESCO floppy. Currently it only operates with /dev/fd0.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	basename
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	basename [dir]name.extension [.extension]
Purpose:	This script takes any file and strips all other components from it such as the directory and any extension that you specify as the second argument.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

beep

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

beep [-f freq] [-l length] [-r reps] [-d delay] [-D delay] [-s] [-c]
beep [-h ¦ --help]
beep [-v ¦ -V ¦ --version]

Purpose:

Produces a tone from the speaker. Used by the "play" script.

Option(s):

-c	Beep after each char of input from stdin, echo char to stdout.
-d delay	Delay in ms.
-D delay	Similar to -d, but delay after last repetition as well.
-f freq	Frequency in Hz.
-h, --help	Show help.
-l length	Tone length in ms.
-n	Allows you to break the command line up into specifying multiple beeps. Each time this option is used, beep starts treating all further arguments as though they were for a new beep.
-r reps	Repetitions.
-s	Beep after each line of input from stdin, echo line to stdout.
-v, -V, --version	Show version.

Command:	block_device
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	block_device FILE
Purpose:	Returns the block device where a file or directory resides.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	brcfg
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	brcfg -enable
Purpose:	This binary should NOT be used directly from the command line and it is included into FREESCO's internal operations.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

chat

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

chat [-e] [-E] [-v] [-V] [-t TIMEOUT] [-r REPORT_FILE] [-T PHONE_NUMBER] [-U PHONE_NUMBER2] {-f CHAT_FILE ¦ Chat_Script}

Purpose:

The chat binary manages dialing a connection and password negotiation before a PPP connection is made.

Option(s):

-e	Start with the echo option turned on.
-E	Enables environment variable substituion within chat scripts using the standard $xxx syntax.
-f CHAT_FILE	Read the chat script from the chat file (mutually exclusive with chat script parameters).
-r REPORT_FILE	Set the file for output of the report strings. If you use the keyword REPORT, the resulting strings are written to this file. If this option is not used and you still use REPORT keywords, the stderr file is used for the report strings.
-T PHONE_NUMBER	Pass in an arbitary string, usually a phone number, that will be substituted for the T substitution metacharacter in a send string.
-t TIMEOUT	Set the timeout for the expected string to be received. If the string is not received within the time limit then the reply string is not sent.
-U PHONE_NUMBER2	Pass in a second string, usually a phone number, that will be substituted for the U substitution metacharacter in a send string. This is useful when dialing an ISDN terminal adapter that requires two numbers.
-v	Request that the chat script be executed in a SYSLOG verbose mode.
-V	Request that the chat script be executed in a stderr verbose mode.
Chat_Script	If the script is not specified in a file with the -f option then the script is included as parameters to the chat program.

Command:

chgrp

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...

Purpose:

Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.

Option(s):

-R	Recursive.

Command:

chmod

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

chmod [-R] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...

Purpose:

Change file access permissions.

Option(s):

-R	Recursive.
MODE	One or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst.

Command:

chown

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

chown [ -Rh ]... OWNER[<.¦:>[GROUP]] FILE...

Purpose:

Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.

Option(s):

-h	Do not dereference symbolic links.
-R	Recursive.

Command:	chroot
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...]
Purpose:	Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	chvt
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	chvt N
Purpose:	Changes the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	cip
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	cip [DEV]
Purpose:	Displays a spinning cursor on DEV to indicate 'Computing In Progress'. If DEV is not specified, cip will use the current console. Use CTRL+c to terminate.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	clear
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	clear
Purpose:	Clears the current display of all text.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

clock

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

clock [-u] -r¦w¦s¦a

Purpose:

Manipulate the CMOS clock.

Option(s):

-a	Get system time and adjust CMOS clock.
-r	Read and print CMOS clock.
-s	Set system time from CMOS clock.
-u	CMOS clock is in universal time.
-w	Write CMOS clock from system time.

Command:	clr
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	clr
Purpose:	Clear the screen. This is a shortcut to the binary "clear".
Option(s):	None.

Command:

cmp

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

cmp [-s] FILE1 [FILE2]

Purpose:

Compare files.

Option(s):

-s	Silent mode - do not print.

Command:	connect
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	connect
Purpose:	Used to establish a modem connection to the default ISP.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

control

Location:

/bin

Type:

Script

Usage:

control [Command]

Purpose:

Controls the current state of the dial-up daemon.

Option(s):

block	Block outgoing calls. Also brings the link down.
debug	Set the diald debug flags. See diald man page for values.
delay-quit	Terminate diald as the link next goes idle.
down	Force the link down.
force	Bring up the link continuously.
queue	Force diald to print the contents of the filter queue to the syslog.
quit	Force the link down and exit diald.
reset	Force diald to reread its configuration. If the configuration is incorrect, diald will terminate with an error condition.
unblock	Allow outgoing calls.
unforce	Resume normal link state.
up	Force the link up.

Command:

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST

Purpose:

Copies SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCEs) to DIRECTORY.

Option(s):

-a	Same as -dpR.
-d	Preserves links.
-f	Force <implied; ignored> - always set
-p	Preserves file attributes if possible.
-R	Recursive.

Command:	cp-rf
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	cp-rf /DIR1 /DIR2
Purpose:	Copies recursively from DIR1 to DIR2.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

crond

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

crond -d[#] [-l#] [-f] [-b] [-c DIR]

Purpose:

Execute commands at scheduled times.

Option(s):

-b	Run crond in the background (default unless -d specified).
-c DIR	Specify directory containing crontab files.
-d[#]	Set debugging level (default is 0). If no level is specified with -d option, default is 1. This option also sets the logging level to 0 and causes crond to run in the foreground.
-f	Run crond in the foreground.
-l#	Set logging level (default is 8).

Command:

crontab

Location:

/bin

Type:

Script

Usage:

crontab [-e]
or
crontab [-l]

Purpose:

View or edit your current crontab file.

Option(s):

-e	Edits the crontab entries.
-l	Lists all current crontab entries.

Command:	daemon
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	daemon PROGRAM
Purpose:	Runs PROGRAM in an endless loop that will continue to restart even if the program is killed.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

date

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

/bin/date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or
/bin/date [OPTION] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]

NOTE: It is important to use the FULL PATH to this binary because there is also a built-in "date" command that does not have the below options available.

Purpose:

Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
FORMAT controls the output. Interpreted sequences (listed under options) begin with the % character.
By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes. GNU date recognizes the following modifiers between `%' and a numeric directive:
`-' (hyphen) do not pad the field
`_' (underscore) pad the field with spaces.

Option(s):

%%	A literal %
%a	Locale's abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)
%A	Locale's full weekday name, variable length (Sunday..Saturday)
%b	Locale's abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)
%B	Locale's full month name, variable length (January..December)
%c	Locale's date and time (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST 1989)
%d	Day of month (01..31)
%D	Date (mm/dd/yy)
%e	Day of month, blank padded ( 1..31)
%h	Same as %b
%H	Hour (00..23)
%I	Hour (01..12)
%j	Day of year (001..366)
%k	Hour, blank padded ( 0..23)
%l	Hour, blank padded ( 1..12)
%m	Month (01..12)
%M	Minute (00..59)
%n	A newline
%p	Locale's AM or PM
%r	Time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss [AP]M)
%s	Seconds since 00:00:00, Jan 1, 1970 (a GNU extension)
%S	Second (00..61)
%t	A horizontal tab
%T	Time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)
%U	Week number of year with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V	Week number of year with Monday as first day of week (01..52)
%w	Day of week (0..6); 0 represents Sunday
%W	Week number of year with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%x	Locale's date representation (mm/dd/yy)
%X	Locale's time representation (%H:%M:%S)
%y	Last two digits of year (00..99) %Y year (1970...)
%z	RFC-822 style numeric timezone (-0500) (a nonstandard extension)
%Z	Time zone (e.g., EDT), or nothing if no time zone is determinable
-d, --date=STRING	Display time described by STRING, not `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE	Like --date, once for each line of DATEFILE.
-r, --reference=FILE	Display the last modification time of FILE.
-R, --rfc-822	Output RFC-822 compliant date string.
-s, --set=STRING	Set time described by STRING.
-u, --utc, --universal	Print or set Coordinated Universal Time.

Command:

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N] [conv=notrunc¦noerror¦sync]

Purpose:

Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options.
Numbers may be suffixed by c <x1>, w <x2>, b <x512>, kD <x1000>, k <x1024>, MD <x1000000>, M <x1048576>, GD <x1000000000> or G <x1073741824>.

Option(s):

bs=N	Block Size; Read and write N bytes at a time.
conv=noerror	Continue after read errors.
conv=notrunc	Don't truncate output file.
conv=sync	Pad blocks with zeros.
count=N	Copy only N input blocks.
if=FILE	Input File; Read from FILE instead of stdin.
of=FILE	Output File; Write to FILE instead of stdout.
seek=N	Skip N output blocks.
skip=N	Skip N input blocks.

Command:

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

df [-hmk] [FILESYSTEM ...]

Purpose:

Print the filesystem space used and space available.

Option(s):

-h	Print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K, 243M, 2G).
-k	Print sizes in kilobytes(default).
-m	Print sizes in megabytes.

Command:

dhcpcd

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

dhcpcd [-dknrBCDHNRSTY] [-l LEASETIME] [-h HOSTNAME] [-t TIMEOUT] [-i VENDOR_ID] [-I CLIENT_ID] [-c FILENAME] [-s [IPADDR]] [-w WIN_SIZE] [-L CONFIG_DIR] [-G [GATEWAY]] [INTERFACE]

INTERFACE Specifies the network interface name (eth0, eth1, etc.).

Purpose:

DHCP client for ISP DHCP connections.

Option(s):

-B	Requests broadcast response from DHCP server.
-C	Forces dhcpcd to calculate checksum on received packets.
-c FILENAME	Execute FILENAME script instead of the default script every time it configures or brings down the interface.
-d	Sets debugging output.
-D	Forces dhcpcd to set domainname of the host to the domainname option supplied by DHCP server.
-G [GATEWAY]	Prevents dhcpcd from installing default routes provided by DHCP server. If optional gateway ip address parameter is supplied then use it for default route.
-H	Forces dhcpcd to set hostname of the host to the hostname option supplied by DHCP server. By default dhcpcd will NOT set hostname of the host to the hostname option received from DHCP server.
-h HOSTNAME	Specifies a string used for the hostname option field when dhcpcd sends DHCP messages.
-I CLIENT_ID	Specifies the client identifier string.
-i VENDOR_ID	Specifies the vendor class identifier string.
-k	Sends SIGHUP signal to the dhcpcd process that is currently running.
-L CONFIG_DIR	Use CONFIG_DIR directory instead of default /etc/dhcpc to store configuration information.
-l LEASETIME	Specifies (in seconds) the recommended lease time to the server. (Note that the server can override this value if it sees fit).
-n	Sends SIGALRM signal to the dhcpcd process that is currently running which forces dhcpcd to try to renew the lease. If dhcpcd is not running, the flag is ignored and dhcpcd follows the normal startup procedure.
-N	Prevents dhcpcd from replacing existing /etc/ntp.conf file.
-r	Makes dhcpcd RFC1541 (obsolete) compliant. dhcpcd is RFC2131 compliant unless this option is specified.
-R	Prevents dhcpcd from replacing existing /etc/resolv.conf file.
-S	Forces dhcpcd to send second DHCP_DISCOVER message even after receiving DHCP_OFFER on the first one. Some DHCP servers expect the client to send second DHCP_DISCOVER message before replying on DHCP_REQUEST.
-s [IPADDR]	Sends DHCP_INFORM message to DHCP server using IPADDR.
-T	This option is used primarily for testing DHCP servers, for obtaining multiple IP addresses for the same dummy interface, and/or configuring virtual interfaces in conjunction with -L CONFIG_DIR and -I CLIENT_ID options.
-t TIMEOUT	Specifies (in seconds ) for how long dhcpcd will try to get an IP address. The default is 60 seconds.
-w WIN_SIZE	Specifies the window size for the gateway route. Default = 32768.
-Y	Prevents dhcpcd from replacing existing /etc/yp.conf file. Domainname is not updated unless -D is specified.

Command:	dhcpcd-fld
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	This script is used by the system when the external DHCP lease from an ISP fails.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	dhcpcd.update
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	This script is used by dhcpcd to update the system when a new lease is acquired.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

dhcpd

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

dhcpd [-p PORT] [-d] [-f] [-cf CONFIG-FILE] [-lf LEASE-FILE] [-pf PID-FILE] [if0 [...ifN]]

Purpose:

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server daemon.

Option(s):

-cf CONFIG-FILE	Use configuration file CONFIG-FILE.
-d	Debug mode. Logs to standard out instead of syslog.
-f	Run in foreground instead of as a daemon.
-lf LEASE-FILE	Use lease file LEASE-FILE.
-p PORT	Use alternate listen port PORT; default is port 67 and the broadcast port one higher at 68.
-pf PID-FILE	Use PID file PID-FILE.

Command:

diald

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

diald [modem-device1] [modem-device2 ...] [options...] [-- [pppd options...]]

Purpose:

Monitor and control dialup connections.

Option(s):

-daemon	Don't run in daemon mode.
-f FILE, -file FILE, include FILE	Read the file FILE for additional commands.
-m MODE, mode MODE	Set the operation mode to MODE. Valid choices are: slip - SLIP mode. cslip - Compressed SLIP mode. slip6 - 6 BIT SLIP mode. cslip6 - Compressed 6 BIT SLIP mode. aslip - Adaptive SLIP mode. ppp - PPP mode. dev - Ethernet device mode.
-pidstring	Write lock files in binary format.
-reroute	This command asks diald to forward packets from the proxy link to the real link, rather than change the system routes to point to the real route.
accept <prot-rule> <time> <pack-rule>	Define a packet matching rule to control the link. Packets that match an accept rule will cause the link to come up and stay up for at least <time> seconds. The <prot-rule> must refer to a protocol rule defined by a previous prule statement. The value <time> must be a non negative integer.
accounting-log FILE	Name the file that diald should append accounting information to.
addroute FILE	The designated script or executable is called by diald once it has established the proxy device. The script is passed five arguments: <iface> <netmask> <local-ip> <remote-ip> <metric>.
bringup <prot-rule> <time> <pack-rule>	Define a packet matching rule to control the link. Packets that match a bringup rule will cause attempts to bring the link up for at least <time> seconds. These rules are ignored if the link is currently up. The parameters are exactly as described for the accept command.
buffer-fifo-dispose, -buffer-fifo-dispose	Tells diald Do/Don't dispose of packets in a first in first out order if it runs out of room on the packet buffer while waiting for a link to come up.
buffer-packets, -buffer-packets	Tells diald Do/Don't buffer packets while waiting for a link to come up.
buffer-timeout NN	Set the timeout (in seconds) for throwing away packets in the buffer.
buffer_size NN	Sets the size of the buffer for saving packets while waiting for a link to come up.
connect FILE	Use the executable or shell script FILE to set up the serial line.
connect-timeout NN	Set the maximum amount of time to wait for the connect script to complete (in seconds).
crtscts	Use the hardware flow control lines (RTS and CTS) to control the serial line.
debug MASK	Set the debugging mask. The mask is the binary OR of the following hex value flags: 0x0001 FILTER_MATCH - dump information showing which packets are matched by which filtering rule. 0x0004 PROXYARP - dump information on the proxyarp setup. 0x0008 VERBOSE - dump details on various normal operations. 0x0010 STATE_CONTROL - output changes in the finite state control for the link status. 0x0020 TICK - dump a heartbeat message every second. 0x0040 CONNECTION_QUEUE - dump information detailing every change to the connection queue. A value of 0 turns off debugging output (default).
defaultroute	Tell diald to set up a default route to the SLIP link.
delroute FILE	The designated script or executable is called by diald just before it deletes the proxy device (when diald is about to terminate). The script receives the same arguments as the addroute script.
device DEV	Add the device DEV to the list of devices that can be used for the outgoing connection. For SLIP and PPP modes these should be serial devices. For the "dev" mode this should be the name of an Ethernet device.
dial-fail-limit NN	Sets the maximum number of consecutive failed connection attempts diald will allow.
died-retry-count NN	Set the maximum number of times diald should attempt to restore a connection that was severed before it should fall back and wait for more network traffic.
disconnect FILE	Use the executable or shell script FILE to shut down serial line.
disconnect-timeout NN	Set the maximum amount of time to wait for the disconnect script to complete (in seconds).
down	The down rule forces the link to be down at all times, regardless of the packet filtering that is in force.
dslip-mode MODE	Set the interpretation of dynamic address information for SLIP mode. The possible settings are: bootp, remote, local, remote-local, and local-remote.
dynamic	Dynamically change the local and remote IP addresses to match those obtained when an actual connection (either SLIP or PPP) is made.
fifo FILE	Turns on the FIFO command channel. Diald will attempt to open a named pipe with the pathname FILE. External programs can write commands to the pipe and diald will react.
first-packet-timeout NN	Set the first packet timeout to NN seconds.
flushfilters	Remove all existing filter rule definitions.
flushprules	Remove all existing protocol rule definitions.
flushvars	Remove all existing variable definitions.
give-way	Normally if a FIFO connect request comes in while a connection script is running, the FIFO connect request shell is terminated. This command reverses this behavior so the connect script will be terminated and the FIFO request honoured.
ignore <prot-rule> <pack-rule>	Define a packet matching rule to control the link. Packets that match an ignore rule will be ignored and will not match any later rules. Except for the lack of a <time> parameter, the parameters are exactly as described for the accept command.
impulse <dur>,<fuzz>, impulse <init-dur>,<sec-dur>,<fuzz>	The impulse command is used to control the link up time in units larger than a single second.
ip-down FILE	The designated script or executable is called by diald whenever the IP layer is brought down. The script receives the same arguments as the addroute script.
ip-up FILE	The designated script or executable is called by diald whenever the IP layer is brought up. The script receives the same arguments as the addroute script.
keepalive NN	This option tells diald to set the SLIP keepalive timer to NN seconds. Range: 0-255.
keepup <prot-rule> <time> <pack-rule>	Define a packet matching rule to control the link. Packets that match a keepup rule will cause the link to stay up, if it is already up, for at least <time> seconds. These rules are ignored if the link is currently down. The parameters are exactly as described for the accept command.
kill-timeout NN	Set the maximum amount of time to wait for a subprocess to die after sending a SIGKILL to NN seconds.
local IP	Sets the local IP address for the link established by diald. This option is not optional.
lock	Perform UUCP style locking of the serial line.
lock-prefix PATH	Set the pathname prefix to use for modem device lock files.
modem	Treat the serial device as a modem.
mru NN	Set the MRU (Maximum Receive Unit) to NN.
mtu NN	Set the MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) to NN.
netmask MASK	Set the netmask to be used for the interface.
nodev-retry-timeout NN	Set the delay between dialing attempts when no free modem device is available to NN seconds.
outfill NN	This option tells diald to set the SLIP outfill timer to NN seconds. Range: 0-255.
path-bootpc PATH	Set the path to the bootpc command.
path-ifconfig PATH	Set the path to the ifconfig command.
path-pppd PATH	Set the path to the pppd command.
path-route PATH	Set the path to the route command.
pidfile FILE	Changes the name of the file that diald uses to store its own PID from diald.pid to the given file.
pidstring	Write lock files as an ASCII string representing the process identifier of the locking program (default).
pppd-options OPTS ...	When diald is being used in PPP mode extra commands can be passed on to pppd by specifying them after a pppd-options command, or after "--" on the command line.
proxyarp	Tell diald to add an entry to this system's ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) table with the IP address of the remote system, and the Ethernet address of this system.
prule <name> <protocol> <spec>	Define a new protocol rule called <name> to be used in filter statements. The <protocol> field must either be the name of a protocol defined in /etc/protocols, the special keyword "any", or an integer between 0 and 254 inclusive. The <spec> field is a list of 16 colon separated offset codes that specify the bytes to be extracted from a packet to build a connection identifier.
redial-backoff-limit NN	Set the maximum number of seconds diald will delay between failed calls when it invokes the backoff algorithm.
redial-backoff-start NN	Specifies the number of consecutive failures to connect allowed before diald starts doubling the delay between dialing attempts after each attempt.
redial-timeout NN	Set the delay between dialing attempts to NN seconds.
remote IP	Sets the remote IP address for the link established by diald. This option is not optional.
reroute	This command asks diald to change the system routes to point to the real link when it brings it up, rather than forwarding packets from the proxy to the real link.
restrict <s> <e> <wd> <md> <m>, or-restrict <s> <e> <wd> <md> <m>	Normally filter rules apply at all times. The restrict statement makes all filter rules following the restrict statement, up to the next restrict statement, apply only at the times indicated by the restrict statement. The or-restrict command expands the immediately preceding restrict to include the range of times specified by the or-restrict command. Arguments are <start-time> <end-time> <weekdays> <monthdays> <months>.
retry-count NN	Set the maximum number of times diald should attempt to make the initial connection without falling back and waiting for more network traffic.
rotate-devices	This command forces diald to rotate the list of devices each time a device is opened.
route-wait	On some badly configured PPP servers, traffic will not flow until a routing daemon notices that the PPP link has come up, at which time a routing packet will cross the link from the server to the local side. This option tells diald that it is interoperating with server that is broken in this way, and that it should not consider the IP layer to have come up until it sees at least one packet come from the remote side.
run-prefix PATH	Set the directory where diald writes out its PID file.
speed BAUD	Set the baud rate to use on the serial line.
start-pppd-timeout NN	Set the maximum amount of time to wait for pppd to choose a PPP device to NN seconds.
stop-dial-timeout NN	Set the maximum amount of time to wait for connect to die after sending a SIGINT to NN seconds.
stop-pppd-timeout NN	Set the maximum amount of time to wait for pppd to die after sending it SIGINT to NN seconds.
two-way	Normally if the connection is broken by the other end hanging up diald will immediately re-dial the other end. This command forces diald to re-dial only if there is some outgoing traffic.
up	The up rule forces the link to be up at all times, regardless of the packet filtering that is in force.
var <name> <spec>	Define a new variable called <name> to be used in filter statements. The <spec> portion of the definition defines how to construct the value of the variable from a packet.
window NN	This option specifies a TCP window size to place in routing table entries.

Command:	dir
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	dir [dirname]
Purpose:	Prints files in a six column display with executables marked with a "*".
Option(s):	None.

Command:	dirname
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	dirname /dir/filename.extension
Purpose:	Separates only the directory from the full directory and file name.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

dmesg

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]

Purpose:

Prints or controls the kernel ring buffer.

Option(s):

-c	Clears the ring buffer's contents after printing.
-n LEVEL	Sets console logging to level LEVEL.
-s SIZE	Use a buffer of size SIZE.

Command:

dnsmasq

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

dnsmasq [options]

Purpose:

A caching DNS forwarder.

Option(s):

-A /DOMAIN/IPADDR	Return ipaddr for all hosts in specified domains.
-a IPADDR	Specify local address(es) to listen on.
-b	Fake reverse lookups for RFC1918 private address ranges.
-B IPADDR	Treat IPADDR as NXDOMAIN (defeats VeriSign wildcard).
-c CACHESIZE	Specify the size of the cache in entries (defaults to 150).
-d	Do NOT fork into the background: run in debug mode.
-D	Do NOT forward queries with no domain part.
-e	Return self-pointing MX records for local hosts.
-E	Expand simple names in /etc/hosts with domain-suffix.
-f	Don't forward spurious DNS requests from Windows hosts.
-g GROUPNAME	Change to this group after startup (defaults to dip).
-h	Do NOT load /etc/hosts file.
-H PATH	Specify a hosts file to be read in addition to /etc/hosts.
-i INTERFACE	Specify interface(s) to listen on.
-I INTERFACE	Specify interface(s) NOT to listen on.
-L	Return MX records for local hosts.
-l PATH	Specify the path to the DHCP lease file.
-m HOST_NAME	Specify the MX name to reply to.
-n	Do NOT poll /etc/resolv.conf file, reload only on SIGHUP.
-N	Do NOT cache failed search results.
-o	Use nameservers strictly in the order given in /etc/resolv.conf.
-p PORT	Specify port to listen for DNS requests on (defaults to 53).
-q	Log queries.
-Q PORT	Force the originating port for upstream queries.
-R	Do NOT read resolv.conf.
-r PATH	Specify path to resolv.conf (defaults to /etc/resolv.conf).
-S /DOMAIN/IPADDR	Specify address(es) of upstream servers with optional domains.
-s DOMAIN	Specify the domain suffix which DHCP entries will use.
-t HOST_NAME	Specify the host in an MX reply.
-T TTL	Specify time-to-live in seconds for replies from /etc/hosts.
-u USERNAME	Change to this user after startup (defaults to nobody).
-v	Display version.
-w	Display this message.
-x PATH	Specify path of PID file (defaults to /var/dnsmasq.pid).

Command:

dropbear

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

dropbear [OPTIONS]

Purpose:

Multicall binary that provides SSH server and client in addition to SFTP, Security key conversion and creation.

Option(s):

-d KEYFILE	Use KEYFILE for the dss host key (default:/etc/dropbear.dss).
-E	Log to stderr rather than syslog.
-F	Don't fork into background.
-g	Disable password logins for root.
-j	Disable local port forwarding.
-p PORT	Listen on specified tcp port, up to 10 can be specified (default 22 if none specified).
-r KEYFILE	Use KEYFILE for the rsa host key (default:/etc/dropbear.rsa).
-s	Disable password logins.
-w	Disallow root logins.

Command:	dropbearconvert
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	dropbearconvert <INPUTTYPE> <OUTPUTTYPE> <INPUTFILE> <OUTPUTFILE>
Purpose:	Convert private keys between Dropbear and OpenSSH format. The input and output types are one of: openssh dropbear
Option(s):	None.

Command:

dropbearkey

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

dropbearkey -t <TYPE> -f <FILENAME> [-s BITS]

Purpose:

Create or display the dropbear keys.

Option(s):

-f FILENAME	Use FILENAME for the secret key.
-s BITS	Key size in bits, should be a multiple of 8 (optional).
-t TYPE	Type of key to generate (rsa or dss).
-y	Just print the public key and fingerprint for the private key in FILENAME.

Command:

dyndns

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

dyndns [-f]

Purpose:

This is a dynamic DNS client that will update dyndns.org, zoneedit, loopia, dhs, domain-dns, and is capable of being configured to support unsupported dynamic DNS servers.

Option(s):

-f	Forces an update of your external IP address even if the status is already up to date.

Command:

echo

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

echo [-neE] [ARG ...]

Purpose:

Prints the specified ARGs to stdout.

Option(s):

-e	Interpret backslash-escaped characters <i.e., \t=tab>.
-E	Disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters.
-n	Suppress trailing newline.

Command:	edit
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	edit filename
Purpose:	This script uses the editor listed in the advanced setup (default: edt) to edit files, except when finished it syncs the drive so changes are permanent and clears the screen.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

edt

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

edt [-r] filename

Purpose:

A simple file editor.

Option(s):

-r	Read-Only mode. Will not allow any changes to be made.

Command:	email
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	email [[-messages] [-secure] [-infologs] [-netinfo] [-report]] [user@domain]
Purpose:	Send logs through email. If no email address is entered, the default email address in the configuration will be used.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	false
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	false
Purpose:	Returns a false status for usage by shell scripts.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	filesize
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	filesize /DIR/FILENAME
Purpose:	Returns the size in bytes of FILENAME.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

find

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

find PATH -name PATTERN
find PATH -follow
find PATH -print

Purpose:

Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default PATH is the current directory; default EXPRESSION is '-print'.

Option(s):

-follow	Dereference symbolic links.
-name PATTERN	File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN.
-print	Print (default and assumed).

Command:	fork
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	fork PROGRAM
Purpose:	Starts an independent shell for the program to run in.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

fpenguin

Location:

/bin

Type:

Script

Usage:

fpenguin [OPTIONS]

Purpose:

Screen saver.

Use CRTL+c to terminate.

Option(s):

blogo	Displays the boot logo with animated penguin and exits.
spage	Displays the FREESCO logo and exits.

Command:	free
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	free
Purpose:	Display all memory usage and disk usage.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

freetime

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

freetime [OPTIONS]

Purpose:

Used by the synctime script to correct the system clock.

Option(s):

-d	Debug mode, shows additional info.
-n /PATH/FILE	Set alternative location for ntpdate command (default is /bin/ntpdate).
-o /PATH/FILE	Set alternative location for ntpdate result file (default is /tmp/freetime.dat).
-q	Query.

Command:	fromdos
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	fromdos < Dos.file > Linux.file
Purpose:	Converts files that are in DOS format to Linux format files.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	ftux
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	ftux
Purpose:	CRT compliant screen saver. Moves a text drawn penguin around the screen in random directions. Use CRTL+c to terminate.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

getkey

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Script

Usage:

getkey [CHAR-LIST] [-n]
or
getkey [CHAR-LIST] [DEFAULT] [-n]

Purpose:

Wait until a key is pressed.

Allowed keys:
All the letters of the alphabet in upper and lower case can be used, along with numeric keys 0 through 9, andsome special keys. Separate all special keys with a : (colon)

Cursor control keys :UP:DN:RT:LT

Function key :F1:F2:F3:F4:F5:F6:F7:F9:F10:F11:F12
Page control keys :HOM:INS:DEL:END:PGU:PGD:BKS
Esacpe key Ctrl+c :CTL

Option(s):

-n	Invalid keys are NOT displayed and only a beep is produced.
CHAR-LIST	List of acceptable keys.
DEFAULT	Which key to use by default if ENTER is pressed.

Command:	grep
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	OUTPUT ¦ grep PATTERN
Purpose:	Takes command OUTPUT and filters it to only display lines that match the specified PATTERN.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

gunzip

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

gunzip [OPTION]... FILE

Purpose:

Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-').

Option(s):

-c	Write output to standard output.
-t	Test compressed file integrity.

Command:

gzip

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

gzip [OPTION] FILE

Purpose:

Compress files.

Option(s):

-c	Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz.
-d	Decompress.

Command:	halt
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	halt
Purpose:	Stops the system so it can be turned off.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	hardinfo
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	hardinfo
Purpose:	Prints current detected hardware to stdout.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	hostname
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	hostname
Purpose:	Returns the name and domain of the current system.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

htpasswd

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

htpasswd [-c] passwordfile username

Purpose:

Add a user and hashed password to the password file specified.

Option(s):

-c	Creates a new file.

Command:

ifconfig

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

ifconfig [-a] <interface> [<address>] [OPTIONS]

Purpose:

Configure a network interface.

Option(s):

allmulti, -allmulti	Enable/disable sending of incoming frames to the kernel's network layer.
arp, -arp	Enable/disable use of the Address Resolution Protocol in mapping between network-level addresses and link-level addresses.
broadcast [<ADDRESS>], -broadcast [<ADDRESS>]	Sets/Unsets broadcast address to <ADDRESS>.
down	Mark an interface "down" (unresponsive).
dynamic, -dynamic	Sets/Unsets the interface as having dynamic IP address. When the interface goes down or an associated device hangs up all TCP sockets having its source address are reset.
hw ether <address>	Sets MAC address to <address> (used for MAC spoofing).
io_addr <NN>	I/O memory start address for device.
irq <NN>	Set the device's interrupt line.
keepalive <NN>	Set SLIP "keep alive" timeout in seconds. If FRAME_END not received during this time period, a reconnect will occur. Active "out fill" timeout expected from other side. Default value is no timeout.
mem_start <NN>	Shared memory start address for device.
metric <NN>	Set routing metric of the interface to NN.
mtu <NN>	Set the interface's Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU).
multicast	Set the multicast flag.
netmask <ADDRESS>	Sets netmask to <ADDRESS>.
outfill <NN>	Set SLIP "out fill" timeout in seconds. It causes at least one FRAME_END to be sent during this timeout. Needed for "keep alive" timeout on other side. Default value is no timeout.
pointopoint [<ADDRESS>], -pointopoint [<ADDRESS>]	Enable/disable point-to-point interfacing, so that the connection between the two machines is dedicated.
promisc, -promisc	Enable/disable promiscuous mode. Promiscuous mode allows the device to receive all packets on the network.
txqueuelen <NN>	Specify the transmit queue length.
up	Mark an interface "up" (ready to send and receive).

Command:	ile
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	ile
Purpose:	Enables command line history for the ash shell.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	init
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	Init is the parent of all processes.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

insmod

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

insmod [-fkmopsvVxX] [-o name] MODULE [[sym=value]...]

Purpose:

Inserts a module into the running kernel.

Option(s):

-f	Force loading under wrong kernel version.
-k	Make module (autoclean)-able.
-L	Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module.
-m	Generate loadmap (so crashes can be traced).
-o NAME	Set internal module name to NAME.
-p	Poll mode, just check if the module matches the kernel.
-s	Report errors via syslog.
-v	Verbose output.
-V	Show version.
-x	Do not export externs.
-X	Do export externs.
MODULE	Filename of a loadable kernel module (*.o).

Command:

installpkg

Location:

/bin

Type:

Script

Usage:

installpkg [-f]

Purpose:

To get and use the global package listing to view and/or install any/all of the available packages from all known mirrors.

Option(s):

-f	Forces an update with all known mirrors.

Command:

ipautofw

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

ipautofw <command> <options>

Valid commands:
-A add new autoforward entry
-D delete an autoforward entry
-F flush the autoforward table

Purpose:

Forward a range of ports from the external interface to a specified internal client.

Option(s):

-c TYPE PORT	Specifies a control port and protocol.
-d TYPE LOW HIGH	Specifies a set of ports which will not use the default high range (60000+) masquerade port area.
-h IPADDR	IP address of host to receive forwarded packets.
-i	Insecure mode. Any host many connect after implied by not using the -c option or implied by using the -h option once the control port has been triggered.
-p TYPE VISIBLE HOST:HIDDEN	Set up port bouncing from VISIBLE host port to masqueraded host HOST on port HIDDEN, protocol TYPE (currently not supported).
-r TYPE LOW HIGH	Forwarding on ports LOW to HIGH using protocol TYPE (tcp or udp).
-u	Do not require that a host connect within 15 seconds of triggering the control port.
-v	Verbose output.

Command:	ipcalc
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	ipcalc <NETMASK> <ADDRESS>
Purpose:	Calculate IP network and broadcast settings from an IP address.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

ipfwadm

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

ipfwadm -A¦I¦O¦F¦M <Command> <Option>

Purpose:

Used to set up, maintain, and inspect the IP firewall and accounting rules.

Valid Commands are:
-a [POLICY] append
-c check acceptance of packet
-d [POLICY] delete
-f remove rules of this category
-i [POLICY] insert
-l list all rules
-p POLICY default policy (accept/deny/reject)
-s TCP TCPFIN UDP timeout values
-z reset packet counters

Option(s):

-b	Bidirectional.
-D IPADDR[/MASK] [PORT ...]	Destination.
-e	Extended output.
-k	Match TCP packets when ACK set.
-m	Masquerade as from local host.
-n	Numeric output.
-o	Kernel logging.
-P	Protocol (tcp, udp, icmp, or all).
-r [PORT]	Redirect to local port PORT.
-S IPADDR[/MASK] [PORT ...]	Source.
-t AND XOR	AND/XOR masks for TOS.
-v	Verbose output.
-V ADDR	Interface address.
-W NAME	Interface name.
-x	Expand numbers.
-y	Match TCP packets when SYN set and ACK cleared.

Command:

ipfwd

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

ipfwd [options] remote-host protocol

Purpose:

Forward a specific protocol family to a specific IP address.
Check /etc/protocols for the protocol numbers.

Option(s):

-d	Debug.
-m	Masquerade IP datagrams.

Command:	ipportfw
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	ipportfw <Command> <Option> Commands: Add entry: -A [-t¦u] LIP/LPORT -R DIP/DPORT Delete entry: -D [-t¦u] LIP/LPORT Clear table: -C List table: -L DIP: Destination IP. DPORT: Destination Port. LIP: Local IP. LPORT: Local Port.
Purpose:	Forward a specified external to a specified internal port to an internal host. [-t¦u] - TCP or UDP. LIP - Local IP address. LPORT - Local port. DIP - Destination IP address. DPORT - Destination port.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	isapnp
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	isapnp CONFIG-FILE
Purpose:	Activate and configure ISA PnP cards in the system from CONFIG-FILE. CONFIG-FILE is generated with pnpdump and then edited to your needs.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

ispstats

Location:

/bin

Type:

Script

Usage:

ispstats [MM] [YY]

Purpose:

Process ISP PPP connection data and format it into a readable format.

Option(s):

MM	Month 01 to 12.
YY	Year 00 to 99.

Command:

kill

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

kill [-(SIG_NUM)] (PID)

Purpose:

Send a signal to terminate one or more Process IDs.

Option(s):

-SIG_NUM

Send signal SIG_NUM. Signals are 1 through 15. The default signal is 2 if none is specified.

Command:

killall

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Script

Usage:

killall program [-SIG_NUM]

Purpose:

Kill all instances of a program.

Option(s):

-SIG_NUM

Send signal SIG_NUM. Signals are 1 through 15. The default signal is 2 if none is specified.

Command:

klogd

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

klogd [options]

Purpose:

Control which kernel messages are displayed on the console, prioritize all messages, and log them through syslogd.

Option(s):

-c N	Sets the default log level of console messages to N.
-d	Enable debugging mode. This will generate LOTS of output to stderr.
-f FILE	Log messages to the specified filename rather than to the syslog facility.
-i	Signals the daemon to reload the kernel module symbols.
-I	Signals for a reload of both the static kernel symbols and the kernel module symbols.
-k FILE	Use the specified file as the source of kernel symbol information.
-n	Avoid auto-backgrounding. This is needed especially if the klogd is started and controlled by init.
-o	Execute in 'one-shot' mode. This causes klogd to read and log all the messages that are found in the kernel message buffers. After a single read and log cycle the daemon exits.
-p	Enable paranoia. This option controls when klogd loads kernel module symbol information. Setting this switch causes klogd to load the kernel module symbol information whenever an Oops string is detected in the kernel message stream.
-s	Force klogd to use the system call interface to the kernel message buffers.
-v	Display version.
-x	Omits EIP translation and doesn't read the System.map.

Command:	length
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	length STRING
Purpose:	Print the number of characters in STRING.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	ll
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	ll [dir]
Purpose:	Long file listing format. (Link to 'ls -l')
Option(s):	None.

Command:

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME¦DIRECTORY

Purpose:

Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET

You may use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options.

Option(s):

-f	Remove existing destination files.
-n	No dereference symlinks - treat like normal file.
-s	Make symbolic links instead of hard links.

Command:	load
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	load program/script
Purpose:	Loads a gzip'ed executable binary or script and executes it into memory as if it was uncompressed normally without uncompressing the original code.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	loadkmap
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	The system uses this binary to load a language specific binary keyboard translation table into the system.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

logger

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE]

Purpose:

Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin.

Option(s):

-p	Enter the message with the specified priority. This may be numerical or a "facility.level" pair.
-s	Log to stderr as well as the system log.
-t	Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name).

Command:

logrotate

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

fork logrotate BOOTDEVICE InfoLogSize MessagesLogSize LoginLogSize EnableLogger EmailLogs

Example: fork logrotate /dev/hda1 30000 30000 5000 y n

All of the above commands line arguments are required.

Purpose:

System binary that monitors files and rotates logs.

WARNING: There are no flags with the logrotate binary, however it MUST be supplied specific arguments and it MUST be forked into a background process and not more than one logrotate process can run at the same time!

Option(s):

BOOTDEVICE	The boot device.
EmailLogs	Enable the logs to be emailed at rotation time y/n (default is n).
EnableLogger	Enable the network loging screen on screen 6 y/n (default is y).
InfoLogSize	The size of the infolog before rotation in bytes (30000 default).
LoginLogSize	The size of the logins file in bytes (5000 default).
MessagesLogSize	The size of the messages file before rotation (30000 default).

Command:

lpd

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

lpd [-l] [-d] [-p PORT] [-r RAW[:DEV]] [-f FEED[:DEV]] [-o DEV] [-t TIMEOUT] [-q LEN]

Purpose:

LPR print server deamon.

Notes: Up to ten subnets may be included, and up to ten name:device pairs are supported for each queue type.

Option(s):

-d	Enable debug status logging.
-f FEED[:DEV]	Set the FormFeed print queue name, and optionally it's Device name (max 32 char). (Default: lp:/dev/lp)
-l	Disable log output.
-o DEV	Set the default name of Output File/Device name (max 256 char). (Default: /dev/lp)
-p PORT	Set the TCP/IP port in decimal. (Default: 515)
-q LEN	Set the length of request queue. (Default: 5)
-r RAW[:DEV]	Set the Raw print queue name, and optionally it's Device name (max 32 char). (Default: nt:/dev/lp)
-t TIMEOUT	Set the number of seconds of no data from a client before timing out. (Default: 300)

Command:

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

ls [-1AacCdeFhiklnprsStTuvwXx] [filenames...]

Purpose:

List directory contents.

Option(s):

-1	List files in a single column.
-A	Do not list implied '.' and '..' entries.
-a	Do not hide entries starting with '.'.
-C	List entries by columns.
-c	Used with -l: show ctime.
-d	List directory entries instead of contents.
-e	List both full date and full time.
-F	Append indicator (one of */=@¦) to entries.
-h	Print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G).
-i	List the i-node for each file.
-k	Print sizes in kilobytes(default).
-l	Use a long listing format.
-n	List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names.
-p	Append indicator (one of /=@¦) to entries.
-r	Sort the listing in reverse order.
-S	Sort the listing by file size.
-s	List the size of each file, in blocks.
-t	Used with -l: show modification time.
-T NUM	Assume Tabstop every NUM columns.
-u	Used with -l: show access time.
-v	Sort the listing by version.
-w NUM	Assume the terminal is NUM columns wide.
-x	List entries by lines instead of by columns.
-X	Sort the listing by extension.

Command:	lsmod
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	lsmod
Purpose:	List all currently loaded kernel modules.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

math

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

math XX YY OPTION

Purpose:

Perform mathematical calculations using numbers XX and YY.

Option(s):

add	Perform addition.
div	Perform division.
mul	Perform multiplication.
sub	Perform subtraction.

Command:

md5sum

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Script

Usage:

md5sum [OPTION] [FILE]...

Purpose:

Compute and/or check MD5 checksums.

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. The -s and -w options are useful only when verifying checksums.

Option(s):

-b	Read files in binary mode.
-c CHECKFILE	Check MD5 sums against given list in CHECKFILE.
-g	Read a string.
-s	Don't output anything, status code shows success or failure.
-t	Read files in text mode (default).
-w	Warn about improperly formated MD5 checksum lines.

Command:	mgetty
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	System file to control dialin connections and connection times.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

minicom

Location:

/bin

Type:

Script

Usage:

minicom [PORT] [SPEED]

Purpose:

Serial terminal.

Option(s):

PORT	The desired port to access. If omitted, the default defined modem port is used.
SPEED	The speed the serial port should be accessed at. If ommitted, 38400 is used.

Command:	miterm
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	miterm [-s SPEED] [-l LINE] [-e ESC-CHAR]
Purpose:	Create a terminal connection. System file that is used by "minicom" to create a terminal and comunicate to a serial port.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	mkdir
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	mkdir new-dir-name
Purpose:	Create a directory.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

mknod

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR

Purpose:

Create a special file (block, character, or pipe).
TYPEs include:
b: Make a block (buffered) device.
c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.

Option(s):

-m	Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw).

Command:

mkswap

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

mkswap [-c] [-v0¦-v1] device [block-count]

Purpose:

Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition.

Option(s):

-c	Check for readability.
-v0	Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs].
-v1	Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels > 2.1.117).
block-count	Number of blocks to use (default is entire partition).

Command:

mode

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Script

Usage:

mode [option]

Purpose:

Change the current connection type to the desired connection type, or if in dialup mode, to change the external connection to a different ISP on the fly without changing the default mode permanently.

Option(s):

bridge	Switch to bridge mode.
default	Switch to default router mode.
dialup	Switch to dialup mode and the default ISP.
dialup ISP_NAME	Switch to dialup with given ISP.
ethernet	Switch to ethernet router mode.
leased	Switch to leased line router.

Command:	more
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	more filename or OUTPUT ¦ more
Purpose:	Display a file or OUTPUT one screen at a time.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

mount

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

mount [flags] DEVICE NODE [-o options,more-options]

Purpose:

Mount a filesystem.
Flags:
-a: Mount all filesystems in fstab.
-o option: One of many filesystem options, listed below.
-r: Mount the filesystem read-only.
-t fs-type: Specify the filesystem type.
-w: Mount for reading and writing (default).

There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem.
You'll have to see the written documentation for those filesystems.

Option(s):

async/sync	Writes are asynchronous / synchronous.
atime/noatime	Enable / disable updates to inode access times.
bind	Use the linux 2.4.x "bind" feature.
dev/nodev	Allow use of special device files / disallow them.
exec/noexec	Allow use of executable files / disallow them.
loop	Mounts a file via loop device.
remount	Re-mount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags.
ro/rw	Mount for read-only / read-write.
suid/nosuid	Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them.

Command:	mv
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	mv SOURCE DEST or mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY
Purpose:	Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	netinfo
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	netinfo
Purpose:	Displays all kinds of various network information to stdout.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	netmon
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	netmon
Purpose:	Displays realtime network statistics. This normally runs on console screen 6, but can be run remotely as well. Use CTRL+c to terminate it when running netmon in a shell.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

nice

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

nice [-n priority] PROGRAM

Purpose:

This changes the process priority. If the Priority is omitted, 10 is used as a default.

Option(s):

-n PRIORITY

Priority is a number between 20 and -20.
A Priority of 20 would mean the Application would only run if almost no other Applications were running.
A Priority of -20 means that it will be almost the only process allowed to run.

Command:	nslookup
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	nslookup [HOST] [SERVER]
Purpose:	Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST optionally using a specified DNS server.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

ntpdate

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

ntpdate [-bBdqsv] [-a KEY#] [-e DELAY] [-k FILE] [-p SAMPLES] [-o VERSION#] [-t TIMEO] server

Purpose:

Used by the system to set the current time via the synctime script.

Option(s):

-a KEY#	Enable authentication using the key identifier KEY#. The keys and key identifiers must match in both the client and server key files.
-B	Force the time to always be slewed using the adjtime() system call, even if the measured offset is greater than +-128 ms.
-b	Force the time to be stepped using the settimeofday() system call, rather than slewed (default) using the adjtime() system call.
-d	Enable the debugging mode, in which ntpdate will go through all the steps, but not adjust the local clock.
-e DELAY	Specify the processing delay to perform an authentication function (in seconds).
-k FILE	Specify the authentication key file.
-o VERSION	Specify the NTP version for outgoing packets as the integer VERSION, which can be 1 or 2. The default is 3. This allows ntpdate to be used with older NTP versions.
-p SAMPLES	Specify the number of samples to be acquired from each server as the integer SAMPLES, with values from 1 to 8 inclusive.
-q	Query only - don't set the clock.
-s	Divert logging output from the standard output (default) to the system syslog facility.
-t TIMEO	Specify the maximum time waiting for a server response (in seconds).
-v	Verbose output.

Command:

oidentd

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

oidentd

Purpose:

IDENT server daemon.

Option(s):

-A	When spoofing is enabled, enable users to spoof ident on connections to privileged ports.
-a ADDR	Bind to ADDR. (Defaults to INADDR_ANY).
-c CHARSET	Specify an alternate charset (Defaults to "US-ASCII").
-d	Enable debugging.
-e	Return "UNKNOWN-ERROR" for all errors.
-F	Same as -f, but always use the default port (113) by default.
-f PORT	Forward requests for masqueraded hosts to the host on port PORT.
-g GID	Run with specified gid.
-i	Run from inetd.
-m	Enable support for IP masquerading.
-n	Return UIDs instead of usernames. (Incompatible with -r)
-N	Allow identd hiding via ".noident".
-o	Return "OTHER" instead of the operating system.
-P HOST	HOST acts as a proxy, forwarding connections to us.
-p PORT	Listen for connections on specified port (Defaults to auth).
-q	Suppress normal logging.
-r	Randomize identd replies. (Incompatible with -n)
-s	Allow identd spoofing.
-S	Same as -s, but allow all users but those listed in /etc/identd.spoof to spoof replies.
-t TIME	Wait for TIME seconds before closing connection (Defaults to 15).
-T TIME	oidentd will remain accepting connections when run with -w for TIME seconds.
-u UID	Run with specified uid.
-w	Wait mode.
-W	oidentd is wrapped. (tcpwrappers)
-x STRING	If a query fails, pretend it succeeded, returning STRING.

Command:

passwd

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

passwd [OPTION] [name]

Purpose:

Change a user password. If no name is specified, changes the password for the current user.

Option(s):

-a ALG	Define which algorithm shall be used for the password (des, md5, or sha1).
-d	Delete the password for the specified user account.
-l	Locks (disables) the specified user account.
-u	Unlocks (re-enables) the specified user account.

Command:	pidof
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	pidof process-name [process-name ...]
Purpose:	Lists the PIDs of all processes with names that match the names on the command line.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

ping

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

ping [OPTION]... host

Purpose:

Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.

Option(s):

-c COUNT	Send only COUNT pings.
-q	Quiet mode, only displays output at start and when finished.
-s SIZE	Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default=56).

Command:

pkg

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

pkg
or
pkg [OPTION] [URL¦DIR¦NAME]

Purpose:

Install or uninstall add-on packages.
Omitting arguments will run pkg in interactive-mode, allowing you to browse through the packages.txt file that is included on all FREESCO package sites.

URL:
http://www.dom (use given http site) or
ftp://ftp.dom (use given ftp site) or
/dir/file (use local disk) or
-/ (alias for http://default-web-site/)

Examples:
pkg -c -/ # Get packages list from default site
pkg -cf -/ # Force update of global list
pkg -c ftp://my.ftp.dom/pub/ # Get packages list from ftp server
pkg -i -/mc # Install mc from home site
pkg -i http://www.dom/mc # Install mc from http server
pkg -i /mnt/hd/dir/mc # Install mc from /mnt/hd/dir
pkg -u mc # Uninstall mc
pkg -s -/mc /mnt/hd/dir # Download mc from home site and save in /mnt/hd/dir.
pkg -s http://www.dom/mc # Download from www.dom and save in the default save directory.

Option(s):

-c	Check URL for available packages list.
-cf	Force update of list (Default 90 days).
-i	Install package from URL or DIR.
-l	Show list and descriptions of installed packages.
-r	Install package from URL or DIR onto ramdisk!!! This option runs without any questions.
-rf	Same as -r except will not pause for input.
-s	Download package from URL and save in DIR.
-u	Uninstall package NAME.

Command:

play

Location:

/bin

Type:

Script

Usage:

play TEMPO 'NOTE1 NOTE2 NOTE3 ...'

TEMPO: How many 1/4 notes in 1 second.
NOTES: One or more notations like: 2c3 4#a1 or 8.d

Purpose:

Play musical notes using the PC Speaker.

Syntax of Notes: Duration[Dot]NoteOctave

Special notes: Don't forget to enclose NOTES in single quotes, and the notation is the same that is used in Nokia mobile phones, so you can copy a melody from your phone or the internet.

Option(s):

Dot	Increase duration by 1.5 times.
Duration	1 = 1/1. 2 = 1/2. 4 = 1/4. 8 = 1/8. 16 - 1/16. 32 = 1/32.
Note	c = Do. #c or dd = Di or Ra. d = Re. #d or de = Ri or Me. e = Mi. f = Fa. #f or dg = Fi or Se. g = So. #g or da = Si or Le. a = La. #a or db = Li or Te. b = Ti.
Octave	0, 1, 2, or 3.

Command:	pnpdump
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	pnpdump > file-name
Purpose:	Creates the base configuration file for all ISA PnP cards.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

pppd

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

pppd <device> <speed> [<loc>:<rem>] [options]

Purpose:

Point-To-Point Protocol daemon that allows datagram transmission over a serial connection.

See pppd(8) for more options.

Option(s):

<device>	Communicate over the named device.
<loc>:<rem>	Set the local and/or remote interface IP addresses. Either one may be omitted.
<speed>	Set the baud rate to <speed>.
asyncmap NN	Set the desired async map to hex NN.
auth	Require authentication from peer.
connect CMD	Invoke shell command CMD to set up the serial line.
crtscts	Use hardware RTS/CTS flow control.
defaultroute	Add default route through interface.
file FILE	Take options from file FILE.
modem	Use modem control lines.
mru NN	Set MRU value to NN for negotiation.

Command:	pppmon
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	This script is used by the system to keep a ethernet PPP connection up by monitoring the ISP connection and restarting the connection if necessary.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	pppoe
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	Module for pppd that allows the pppoe protocol.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	pptp
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	Module for pppd that allows the pptp protocol.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	pptp_callmgr
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	System file.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

printout

Location:

/bin

Type:

Script

Usage:

printout [OPTIONS] /dir/filename

Purpose:

Sends specified file to the printer.

Option(s):

-c	Check # of pages in file.
-d	Turn page Descriptor off.
-h	Help.
-l	Landscape.
-n	Turn page Numbering off.
-o DEV	Output to DEV (default: First defined device for the print server).
-p X,Y	Print from page X to page Y.
-s	Turn page Separator off.
-t	Test page.

Command:	ps
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	ps
Purpose:	Displays a list of all running processes.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	psh
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	System dialin user denial shell.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

pure-ftpd

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

pure-ftpd [options]

Purpose:

File Transfer Protocol daemon.

Option(s):

-1	Log pid.
-4	IPv4 only.
-A	Chroot everyone.
-a	Trusted gid.
-b	Broken clients compatibility.
-B	Daemonize.
-c NN	Set maximum number of clients to NN.
-C NN	Set maximum number of clients per IP to NN.
-d	Verbose log.
-D	Display dot files.
-e	Anonymous only.
-E	No anonymous.
-f	Syslog facility.
-F	Display fortunesfile.
-G	No rename.
-g FILE	Set pid file.
-H	Don't resolve.
-i	Anonymous can't upload.
-I TIME	Set maximum idle time.
-j	Create home directory.
-K	Keep all files.
-k NN	Set maximum disk usage to NN percent.
-L	Limit recursion.
-M	Anonymous can create dirs.
-m	max load
-N	NAT mode.
-o FILE	Upload script.
-O FILE	Alternate log file.
-p	Set passive port range.
-P	Force passive IP.
-q	Set anonymous ratio.
-Q	Set user ratio.
-r	Auto rename.
-R	No chmod.
-s	Antiwarez.
-t	Set anonymous bandwidth.
-T	Set user bandwidth.
-u	min uid
-V	Trusted IP.
-w	Allow user fxp.
-W	Allow anonymous fxp.
-x	Prohibit dot files write.
-X	Prohibit dot files read.
-y	Per User limits.
-z	Allow dot files.
-Z	Customer proof.

Command:	pwd
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	pwd
Purpose:	Displays the current directory.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	random
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	random stdout number
Purpose:	Generate a random number.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

rasstats

Location:

/bin

Type:

Script

Usage:

rasstats [MM] [YY]

Purpose:

Process dialin statistics into a readable format.
If options are omitted the current month is used.

Option(s):

MM	Month 01 to 12.
YY	Year 00 to 99.

Command:	reboot
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	reboot
Purpose:	Reboot the system.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	remotelog
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	remotelog
Purpose:	This script is intended to be used in a SSH session remotely to parse the logs in real time to the screen. Use "CTRL+c" to terminate.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	report
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	report [OPTIONS]
Purpose:	Generate a report.txt file in /boot containing current system configuration information. OPTIONS can be any executable commands. Multipart single commands must be inside "" quotes.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

rm [OPTION]... FILE...

Purpose:

Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). You may use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options.

Option(s):

-f	Force. Remove existing destinations, never prompt.
-i	Always prompt before removing each destination.
-r or -R	Recursive.

Command:

rmlogs

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Script

Usage:

rmlogs N

Purpose:

Sets the number of days to keep logs. All older logs are removed.

Option(s):

N	Remove all logs that are older than N days.

Command:	rmmod
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	rmmod module-name
Purpose:	Removes a module from the kernel.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

route

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

route [-v] add {-net¦-host} TARGET [gw GATEWAY] [metric NN] [netmask MASK] [mss MAXSEG] [window MAXWIN] [[dev] DEVICE]
route [-v] del TARGET
route

Purpose:

Edit the kernel's routing tables. If no additional parameters are specified, the current table is displayed.

Option(s):

-host	TARGET is a host.
-net	TARGET is a network.
-v	Verbose output.
dev DEVICE	Force the route to be associated with the specified device.
gw GATEWAY	Route packets for this route via GATEWAY.
metric NN	Set the metric field in the routing table (used by routing daemons) to NN.
mss MAXSEG	Set the TCP Maximum Segment Size (MSS) for connections over this route to MAXSEG bytes.
netmask MASK	When adding a network route, set the netmask to MASK.
TARGET	The destination network or host. You can provide IP addresses in dotted decimal or host/network names.
window MAXWIN	Set the TCP window size for connections over this route to MAXWIN bytes.

Command:	runchk
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	runchk program
Purpose:	Returns either a 0 exit code if the program is currently running or a 1 if it is not running.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	savelogs
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	Used by the system to saves the cycled logs to the /home/root/var/ directory with a date and time stamp amended to the file name.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

scp

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

scp [-pqrvBC1246] [-F CONFIG] [-S PROGRAM] [-P PORT] [-c CIPHER] [-i IDENTITY] [-w REMOTEPROG] [-l LIMIT] [-o OPTION] [[user@]host1:]file1 [...] [[user@]host2:]file2

Purpose:

Secure copy, remote file copy program.

Option(s):

-1	Forces scp to use protocol 1.
-2	Forces scp to use protocol 2.
-4	Forces scp to use IPv4 addresses only.
-6	Forces scp to use IPv6 addresses only.
-B	Selects batch mode (prevents asking for passwords or passphrases).
-C	Compression enable. Passes the -C flag to ssh(1) to enable compression.
-c CIPHER	Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfer. This option is directly passed to ssh(1).
-F CONFIG	Specifies an alternative per-user configuration file for ssh. This option is directly passed to ssh(1).
-i IDENTITY	Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for RSA authentication is read. This option is directly passed to ssh(1).
-l LIMIT	Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.
-o OPTION	Can be used to pass options to ssh in the format used in ssh_config(5). This is useful for specifying options for which there is no separate scp command-line flag.
-p	Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the original file.
-P PORT	Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.
-q	Quiet mode.
-r	Recursive.
-S PROGRAM	Name of program to use for the encrypted connection. The program must understand ssh(1) options.
-v	Verbose output.
-w REMOTEPROG	Same as -S, but for remote connection.

Command:

sed

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

sed [OPTION] [input-file] ...

Purpose:

Stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline).

The full extent of SED commands & how they can be used can't be explained in this small space. Try doing an internet search for the terms "sed man" or "sed howto" for more info.

NOTE!: Line numbering output is disabled.

Option(s):

-e SCRIPT	Add SCRIPT to the commands to be executed.
-f FILE	Add the contents of FILE to the commands to be executed.
-n	Suppress automatic printing of pattern space.

Command:	serverchk
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	serverchk server-URL port
Purpose:	Used to check servers for connectivity.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	servermon
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	Used by the system to monitor Servers for connectivity and restart them if necessary.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

setleds

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

setleds [-v] [-L] [-D] [-F] [[+¦-][ num ¦ caps ¦ scroll ]]

Purpose:

Turn keyboard LEDs on and off.

Ex: 'setleds +caps -num' will set Caps Lock, clear Num Lock and leave Scroll Lock unchanged.
Normally, setleds influences the vt flag settings (and these are usually reflected in the LEDs).

Option(s):

-D	Sets both the flags and the default flags, so that a subsequent reset will not change the flags.
-F	Only sets the flags, and leaves the LEDs alone.
-L	Only sets the LEDs, and leaves the flags alone.

Command:	setserial
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	setserial serial-device [cmd1 [arg]] ...
Purpose:	Manipulate a serial port's settings. Available commands: (* = Takes an argument) (^ = can be preceded by a '^' to turn off the option) * port = set the I/O port * irq = set the interrupt * uart = set UART type (none, 8250, 16450, 16550, 16550A) * baud_base = set base baud rate (CLOCK_FREQ / 16) * divisor = set the custom divisor (see spd_custom) * close_delay = set the amount of time in 1/100 of a second that DTR should be kept low while being closed ^ fourport = configure the port as an AST Fourport autoconfigure = automatically configure the serial port ^ auto_irq = try to determine irq during autoconfiguration ^ skip_test = skip UART test during autoconfiguration ^ sak = set the break key as the Secure Attention Key ^ session_lockout = Lock out callout port across different sessions ^ pgrp_lockout = Lock out callout port across different process groups on the callout device ^ split_termios = Use separate termios for callout and dialin lines ^ hup_notify = Notify a process blocked on opening a dial in line when a process has finished using a callout line by returning EAGAIN to the open. spd_hi = use 56kb instead of 38.4kb spd_vhi = use 115kb instead of 38.4kb spd_cust = use the custom divisor to set the speed at 38.4kb (baud rate = baud_base / custom_divisor) spd_normal = use 38.4kb when a baud rate of 38.4kb is selected Use a leading '0x' for hex numbers. CAUTION: Using an invalid port can lock up your machine!
Option(s):	None.

Command:	setsite
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	setsite
Purpose:	Downloads the mirror list and sets the default package URL from that list based on the fastest site.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	setspeed
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	setspeed LINE SPEED
Purpose:	Set the speed of a serial port.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	setup
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	setup
Purpose:	The main configuration script for FREESCO.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	sftpserver
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	None
Purpose:	Used by SSH (dropbear) for sftp connections.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

sh [-efIijnsxz ] [+efIijnsxz] [-c COMMAND] [arg] ...

Purpose:

Basic ash shell that all FREESCO scripts use.

If options are given, it sets the specified option flags, or clears them if the option flags are introduced with a '+' rather than a '-'.

Option(s):

-e	Causes the shell to exit when a command terminates with a nonzero exit status, except when the exit status of the command is explicitly tested.
-f	Turn off file name generation.
-I	Cause the shell to ignore end of file conditions.
-i	Make the shell interactive.
-j	Turns on Berkeley job control, on systems that support it. When the shell starts up, the -j is set by default if the -i flag is set.
-n	Causes the shell to read commands but not execute them.
-s	If this flag is set when the shell starts up, the shell reads commands from its standard input. The shell doesn't examine the value of this flag any other time.
-x	If this flag is set, the shell will print out each command before executing it.
-z	If this flag is set, the file name generation process may generate zero files. If it is not set, then a pattern which does not match any files will be replaced by a quoted version of the pattern.

Command:	sleep
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	sleep N
Purpose:	Used to cause scripts to wait for a specified amount of time. N is defined in seconds and will pause for N seconds.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

smtpclient

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

smtpclient [options] < FILE

Purpose:

Program used to send email.

Option(s):

-c, --carbon-copy=ADDR	Address to send copy of message to Processing.
-e, --errors-to=ADDR	Address to send delivery errors to.
-f, --from=ADDR	Address of the sender.
-h	Help.
-L, --use-syslog	Log errors to syslog facility instead of stderr.
-M, --mime-encode	Use MIME-style translation to quoted-printable.
-P, --smtp-port=NUM	ort where MTA can be contacted via SMTP.
-r, --reply-to=ADDR	Address of the sender for replies.
-S, --smtp-host=HOST	Host where MTA can be contacted via SMTP.
-s, --subject=STR	Subject line of message.
-v	Verbose output.
-V	Show version.

Command:

snarf

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

snarf [OPTIONS] URL [OUTFILE] ...

Purpose:

Retrieve files via the http and ftp protocols.

Lowercase option letters only affect the URLs that immediately follow them.
If you give an option in caps, it will be the default option for all URLs that follow it.
If you specify the outfile as '-', the file will be printed to standard output as it downloads.
You can have as many URLs and outfiles as you want.
You can specify a username and password for ftp or http authentication.
The format is: ftp://username:password@host/
If you don't specify a password, you will be prompted for one.
snarf checks the SNARF_PROXY, FTP_PROXY, GOPHER_PROXY, HTTP_PROXY, and PROXY environment variables.

Option(s):

-a	Force active FTP (default is passive).
-m	Spoof MSIE user-agent string.
-n	Ignore '-r' and transfer file in its entirety.
-p	Force printing of progress bars (overrides -q).
-q	Don't print progress bars (compiled default is on).
-r	Resume downloading a partially transferred file.
-s	Don't download the file, just return the size of the file.
-v	Verbose output.
-z	Spoof Navigator user-agent string.

Command:

sort

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

sort [-nfru] [FILE]...

Purpose:

Sort text files.

Option(s):

-f	Fold lower case to upper case characters (ignore case).
-n	Numeric sort. Compare according to string numerical value.
-r	Reverse the result of comparisons.
-u	Unique. Keep only the first of two or more lines that compare equal.

Command:

ssh

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

ssh [options] [user@]host

Purpose:

Secure shell client.

Option(s):

-i FILE	Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for RSA authentication is read (multiple allowed).
-L LPORT:RHOST:RPORT	Local port forwarding.
-l USER	Log in as USER on the remote machine.
-p PORT	Connect on port PORT.
-R LPORT:RHOST:RPORT	Remote port forwarding.
-t	Allocate a pty.
-T	Don't allocate a pty.
-y	Accept remote host keys, if unknown.

Command:	star
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	OUTPUT ¦ star
Purpose:	Extracts a tar archive from the OUTPUT.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

stty

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

stty [-a¦g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...

Purpose:

Change and print terminal line settings.

Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane.

Option(s):

-a	Print all current settings in human-readable form.
-F DEVICE	Open device instead of stdin.
-g	Print in stty-readable form.

Command:	swapoff
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	swapoff block-device
Purpose:	Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	swapon
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	swapon block-device
Purpose:	Swap virtual memory pages on the given device.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	sync
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	sync
Purpose:	Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	synctime
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Script
Usage:	synctime
Purpose:	Synchronize the time with the predefined time server.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	sysedit
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	sysedit
Purpose:	Edits the primary configuration file and copies it afterwards so that changes will survive a reboot.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	sysinfo
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	sysinfo
Purpose:	Outputs primary system information.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

syslogd

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

syslogd [-a SOCKET] [-d] [-f CONFIG_FILE] [-h] [-l HOSTLIST] [-m INTERVAL] [-n] [-p SOCKET] [-r] [-s DOMAINLIST] [-v]

Purpose:

Linux system logging utilities.

Option(s):

-a SOCKET	Using this argument you can specify additional sockets from that syslogd has to listen to. This is needed if you're going to let some daemon run within a chroot() environment. You can use up to 19 additional sockets.
-d	Turns on debug mode. Using this the daemon will not proceed a fork(2) to set itself in the background, but instead will stay in the foreground and write much debug information on the current tty.
-f CONFIG_FILE	Specify an alternative configuration file instead of /etc/syslog.conf, which is the default.
-h	Specify a hostname that should be logged only with its simple hostname and not the FQDN. Multiple hosts may be specified using the colon (":") separator.
-l HOSTLIST	Specify a hostname that should be logged only with its simple hostname and not the FQDN. Multiple hosts may be specified using the colon (":") separator.
-m INTERVAL	The syslogd logs a mark timestamp regularly. The default interval between two -- MARK -- lines is 20 minutes. This can be changed with this option. Setting the interval to zero turns it off entirely.
-n	Avoid auto-backgrounding. This is needed especially if the syslogd is started and controlled by init(8).
-p SOCKET	You can specify an alternative unix domain socket instead of /dev/log.
-r	This option will enable the facility to receive message from the network using an internet domain socket with the syslog service (see services(5)). The default is to not receive any messages from the network.
-s DOMAINLIST	Specify a domainname that should be stripped off before logging. Multiple domains may be specified using the colon (":") separator. Remember that the first match is used, not the best.
-v	Print version and exit.

Command:

tar

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

tar -[cxtvO] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [FILE(s)] ...

Purpose:

Create, extract, or list files from a tar file.

Option(s):

-c	Create tar file.
-C DIR	Change to directory DIR before operation.
-f TARFILE	Name of TARFILE or "-" for stdin.
-O	Extract to stdout.
-t	List contents of tar file.
-x	Extract files from tar file.

Command:

tclock

Location:

/bin

Type:

Script

Usage:

tclock [12¦24] [COLOR]

Purpose:

Screen saver. If no arguments are given, shows current time in a random color that changes with every minute.
Use CRTL+c to terminate.

Examples:
tclock 12 re #Displays clock in red using 12 hour format.
tclock 24 #Displays clock in random colors using 24 hour format.
tclock 24 bw #Displays clock in bright white using 24 hour format.

Option(s):

12	Displays the output in 12 hour (am/pm) format.
24	Displays the output in 24 hour format.
COLOR	Displays the output in: (names are not case sensitive) RE = Red, GR = Green, BR = Brown/Yellow, BL = Blue, MA = Magenta/Purple, CY = Cyan, WH = White, BR = Bright Red, BG = Bright Green, BY = Bright Yellow, BB = Bright Blue, BM = Bright Magenta/Purple, BC = Bright Cyan, BW = Bright White or RA = Random color (default).

Command:	telnet
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	telnet HOST [PORT]
Purpose:	Telnet is used to establish interactive communication with another computer over a network using the TELNET protocol.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

thttpd

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

thttpd [-C CONFIGFILE] [-p PORT] [-d DIR] [-r¦-nor] [-dd DATA_DIR] [-s¦-nos] [-v¦-nov] [-g¦-nog] [-u USER] [-c CGIPAT] [-t THROTTLES] [-h HOST] [-l LOGFILE] [-i PIDFILE] [-T CHARSET] [-P P3P] [-M MAXAGE] [-V] [-D]

Purpose:

Tiny HTTP Daemon - a simple, small, fast, and secure HTTP server.
Web server - thttpd and thttpd_c are the same binary, they are just linked so they use different names and can be killed independently from each other because one is for the web server (thttpd) and one is for the control panel (thttpd_c).

Option(s):

-c CGIPAT	Specifies a wildcard pattern for CGI programs.
-C CONFIGFILE	Specifies a config-file to read.
-D	Debug mode. Prevents thttpd from making itself a background daemon.
-d DIR	Specifies a directory to chdir() to at startup.
-dd DATA_DIR	Specifies a directory to chdir() to after chrooting.
-g ¦ -nog	DO/DON'T use a global passwd file.
-h HOST	Specifies a hostname to bind to, for multihoming.
-I PIDFILE	Specifies a file to write the process-id to. If no file is specified, no process-id is written.
-l LOGFILE	Specifies a file for logging. If no -l argument is specified, thttpd logs via syslog(). If "-l /dev/null" is specified, thttpd doesn't log at all.
-M MAXAGE	Specifies the number of seconds to be used in a "Cache-Control: max-age" header to be returned with all responses. An equivalent "Expires" header is also generated.
-P P3P	Specifies a P3P server privacy header to be returned with all responses. See http://www.w3.org/P3P/ for details.
-p PORT	Specifies an alternate port number to listen on. The default is 80.
-r ¦ -nor	DO/DON'T a chroot() at initialization time, restricting file access to the program's current directory.
-s ¦ -nos	DO/DON'T do explicit symbolic link checking.
-T CHARSET	Specifies the character set to use with text MIME types. The default is iso-8859-1.
-t THROTTLES	Specifies a file of throttle settings.
-u USER	Specifies what user to switch to after initialization when started as root. The default is "nobody".
-V	Show version.
-v ¦ -nov	DO/DON'T do el-cheapo virtual hosting.

Command:	thttpd_c
Location:	/sbin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	See thttpd. thttpd_c [-C CONFIGFILE] [-p PORT] [-d DIR] [-r¦-nor] [-dd DATA_DIR] [-s¦-nos] [-v¦-nov] [-g¦-nog] [-u USER] [-c CGIPAT] [-t THROTTLES] [-h HOST] [-l LOGFILE] [-i PIDFILE] [-T CHARSET] [-P P3P] [-M MAXAGE] [-V] [-D]
Purpose:	Tiny HTTP Daemon - a simple, small, fast, and secure HTTP server. Control Panel - thttpd and thttpd_c are the same binary, they are just linked so they use different names and can be killed independently from each other because one is for the web server (thttpd) and one is for the control panel (thttpd_c).
Option(s):	None.

Command:

tleds

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

tleds [-bchkqv] [-d DELAY] <INTERFACE>

Purpose:

Flash the keyboard LEDs in conjunction with inbound and outbound packets from the defined <INTERFACE>.

WARNING: This binary causes severe system problems if a keyboard is not connected and it should also NOT be enabled on a high speed connection.

Option(s):

-b	Don't go to the background.
-c	Fix the Caps Lock LED in VTs. Only for EUID root.
-d DELAY	Set update delay. DELAY must be between 1 and 10000 (milliseconds)
-h	Help.
-k	Kill (old) (x)tleds running.
-q	Quiet mode.
-v	Display version.

Command:	todos
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	todos < Linux.file > Dos.file
Purpose:	Converts files that are in Linux format to Dos format files.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

top

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

top [-d DELAY]

Purpose:

Provides a view of processor activity in real time.
This utility reads the status for all processes in /proc each DELAY and shows the status for however many processes will fit on the screen.
This utility will not show processes that are started after program startup, but it will show the EXIT status for and PIDs that exit while it is running.

Option(s):

-d DELAY

Delay in seconds between screen updates (default: 5 seconds).

Command:	touch
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	touch file [file ...]
Purpose:	Update the last-modified date on the given file[s].
Option(s):	None.

Command:

traceroute

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

traceroute [-dnrv] [-m MAX_TTL] [-p PORT#] [-q NQUERIES] [-s SRC_ADDR] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT] HOST [data size]

Purpose:

Trace the route ip packets follow going to "HOST"

Option(s):

-d	Set SO_DEBUG options to socket.
-m MAX_TTL	Set maximum Time-To-Live to MAX_TTL.
-n	Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically.
-p PORT#	Set the base UDP port number used in probes (default is 33434).
-q NQUERIES	Set the number of probes per "TTL" to NQUERIES (default is 3).
-s SRC_ADDR	Use SRC_ADDR as the source IP address.
-t TOS	Set the type-of-service in probe packets to the following value (default 0).
-v	Verbose output.
-w WAIT	Set the time (in seconds) to wait for a response to a probe (default is 3).

Command:	true
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	true
Purpose:	Returns a true status for usage by shell scripts.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

tsaver

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

tsaver DELAY PROGRAM
tsaver [-i¦x]

Purpose:

Used by the system to monitor the keyboard for activity and activate a text screen saver when the configured delay in seconds has expired.

Option(s):

-i	Invoke screen saver immediately.
-x	Terminate program.

Command:

tty

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

tty [OPTION]

Purpose:

Prints the file name of the connected console.

Option(s):

--help	Display help.
--version	Display version.
-s, --silentm, --quiet	Print nothing, only return an exit status.

Command:	udosctl
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	udosctl command argument
Purpose:	Control a umsdos file system for file and directory visibility. udosctl is part of the umsdos file system. Examples: udosctl ls directory_path udosctl create file_name udosctl mkdir directory_name udosctl rm file_path udosctl rmdir directory_path udosctl uls directory_path udosctl urm file_path udosctl urmdir directory_path udosctl stat file_path udosctl version
Option(s):	None.

Command:	umount
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	umount [device¦dir]
Purpose:	Unmounts a device.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

umssetup

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

umssetup [ options ] DIR_PATH

Purpose:

Set the default permissions and owner of files in DOS directories.
UMSDOS directories are not affected.

DIR_PATH is normally a mount point.
Note that the change applies to all DOS directories (and files therein) of the same partition as DIR_PATH.
This utility is normally used on the root partition at boot time, since it is not possible to pass mount options. When mounting other umsdos partitions, you can use all msdos options (see mount(8)) such as uid=,gid=,umask=.

*** This utility may be used at any time but its effect may be delayed because of the some kernel internal caching (inode). It is best to use it immediately after the mount. If you need to play often with permissions and owner, use umssync to promote directory to full Unix capabilities.

Option(s):

-g GROUP	Group ID for entry creation.
-m MODE	Permission bits, in octal (Sets the default mode, not the umask).
-u USER	User ID for entry creation.

Command:

umssync

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

umssync [options] dir_path [[options] dir_path ... ]

Purpose:

Syncronize a UMSDOS file system so that files added under DOS are shown in the UMSDOS file system.

Warning: This is a dangerous command when used on a systems that have long file names as it will rename the files into a broken DOS 8.3 format. It is better in most cases to use "udosctl".

Option(s):

-c	Conditional mode: sync a directory only if it contains a '--linux-.---' file.
-dmode	Directory creation mode.
-fmode	File creation mode.
-ggroup	Group ID for entry creation.
-i+	Inherit from parent.
-i-	Do not inherit ownership from parent directory.
-rN	Recurse N levels of subdirectory.
-RN	Allow recursion through N directories that do not contain a '--linux-.---' file.
-uuser	User ID for entry creation.
-v+	Verbose operation.
-v-	Silent operation.

Command:	uname
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	uname
Purpose:	Displays the current kernel information.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

update

Location:

/sbin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

update [OPTIONS]

Purpose:

Periodically flushes filesystem buffers.

Option(s):

-f SECS	Flush some buffers this often (default 5).
-S	Force use of sync(2) instead of flushing.
-s SECS	Call sync this often (default 30).

Command:	uptime
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	uptime
Purpose:	Display the time since the last boot.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	useradd
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	useradd [user-name]
Purpose:	Add a user to the system.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	userdel
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	userdel [user-name]
Purpose:	Remove an existing system user.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	useredit
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	useredit [user-name]
Purpose:	Edit an existing system user.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	userlist
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	userlist
Purpose:	Display all system users.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	usleep
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	usleep N
Purpose:	Pause for N microseconds.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	utils
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	None.
Purpose:	This is the primary multifunction script for the /bin directory.
Option(s):	None.

Command:

Location:

/bin

Type:

Binary

Usage:

wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Purpose:

Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input.

Option(s):

-c	Print the byte counts.
-l	Print the newline counts.
-L	Print the length of the longest line.
-w	Print the word counts.

Command:	which
Location:	/bin
Type:	Script
Usage:	which COMMAND
Purpose:	List the full pathname of the file that would be executed if COMMAND had been run.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	zcat
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	zcat < FILE
Purpose:	Uncompress gzip'ed files to stdout.
Option(s):	None.

Command:	login
Location:	/bin
Type:	Binary
Usage:	login [username [environmental-variables]]
Purpose:	Log into the system.
Option(s):	None.